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Value of clinical tests in diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament tears: what is new?

Nguyen LT, Truong SV, Nguyen UTP

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2025 Dec 10;60(5):s00451813005

primary study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of clinical diagnostic tests for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears with the anterior drawer, Lachman, Pivot-shift, lever sign, and Forced Active Buckling (FAB)-sign tests. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 knee injury patients who were indicated for knee arthroscopy from January to December 2022. The clinical examination results were compared with the procedure's gold standard to determine the value of clinical diagnostic tests. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity values, respectively, were anterior drawer test 77.5% and 86.1%; Lachman 87.6% and 88.9%; Pivot-shift 65.9% and 94.4%; Lever sign 93.8% and 94.4%; and FAB sign 81.4% and 97.2%. CONCLUSION: There are various clinical diagnostic tests for ACL tears. The Lever sign is a useful clinical test for physicians to examine and diagnose this condition.

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