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Vibration perception threshold as a method for detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review of measurement characteristics

Ribic D, Sarabon N

Diagnostics 2026 Jan 9;16(2):217

systematic review

BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), leading to sensory loss, balance disturbances, and an increased risk of ulcers and amputations. Early screening is crucial, and devices for measuring vibration perception threshold (VPT) play an important role in the timely detection and management of this condition. OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of VPT measurement devices in individuals with DM. METHOD(S): A systematic search was conducted in four databases, including studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of VPT measurement devices in patients with type 1 or type 2 DM, with VPT compared against reference standards for DPN, including nerve conduction studies (NCS) and clinical diagnosis. Cross-sectional and case-control studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability (QAREL) tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies. RESULT(S): Eighteen studies were analyzed. Most studies demonstrated moderate sensitivity and specificity and an acceptable level of reliability, with results varying according to technical and methodological factors. CONCLUSION(S): VPT measurement devices appear to be useful screening tools for detecting DPN; however, their diagnostic accuracy and reliability are not uniform and largely depend on technical and methodological factors. Standardized threshold values and measurement procedures, along with further research comparing the effectiveness of different protocols, are needed to improve clinical utility.

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